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Cuatro: Museum Object and Cultural History

Cuatro: Date made: 1898-1899. date made: ca 1899. Associated Date: 1898-11-03-1899-01-23.

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AI-generated editorial illustration — not a photograph of the subject
AI-generated editorial illustration — not a photograph of the subject

The object in the museum catalogue

Smithsonian curator Paul Beckwith acquired this cuatro in 1898-99 in Ponce, Puerto Rico, shortly after the Spanish-American War. This instrument is an example of the “old style” (“antiguo”) cuatro with four strings and a keyhole shape. This type of cuatro was popular until the early 20th century when it was gradually replaced by the violin-shaped 10-string cuatro still common today. This example appears to have originally been fitted with eight strings (four courses of double strings), a common style in the south of the island. Three tiples at the National Museum of Natural History (E201482B, E201482C, E201482D) were collected at the same time.

El curador del Smithsonian Paul Beckwith adquirió este cuatro entre el 1898 y 1899 en Ponce, Puerto Rico, poco después de la guerra hispano-cubana-estadounidense. Este instrumento es un ejemplo del cuatro antiguo de cuatro cuerdas y con forma de ojo de cerradura. Este estilo de cuatro fue popular hasta inicios del siglo XX, pero fue reemplazado gradualmente por el cuatro aviolinado de cinco órdenes de cuerdas dobles (10 cuerdas) que continúa siendo el más común hoy. Este ejemplar parece haber tenido ocho cuerdas originalmente (cuatro órdenes de cuerdas dobles), un estilo común en la región sur de la isla. Tres tiples en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (E201482B, E201482C, E201482D) fueron recolectados en la misma expedición.

Materials, dates and provenance

  • Date made: 1898-1899
  • date made: ca 1899
  • Associated Date: 1898-11-03-1899-01-23
  • Object Name: cuatro
  • Physical Description: cotton (part: decorative ribbon material)
  • Physical Description: metal (part: strings material)
  • Physical Description: wood (overall material)
  • Physical Description: gut (part: strings and frets material)
  • Measurements: overall: 79 cm x 23.5 cm x 7.5 cm; 31 3/32 in x 9 1/4 in x 2 15/16 in
  • Measurements: part: scale length: 51 cm; 20 3/32 in
  • place made: Puerto Rico: Ponce, Ponce
  • Subject: Latino music
  • Subject: Puerto Rican music
  • Subject: Música jíbara
  • Subject: Folk music
  • Subject: Spanish-American War
  • ID Number: CL.201482a
  • accession number: 35201
  • catalog number: 201482a
  • Data Source: National Museum of American History

Sources and reuse

Catalogue descriptions and facts adapted from National Museum of American History through the Smithsonian's official Open Access dataset. This record explicitly marks its metadata CC0 1.0; formatting and selection have been changed.

Sources

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