Portrait of the Aged Akbar (c. 1640–50): Art, History and Details

Portrait of the Aged Akbar (c. 1640–50) is in the Cleveland Museum of Art collection. The museum's creator attribution is Govardhan (Indian, active c.1596–1645).

The work and its context

The museum's open-access catalogue describes the work:

The soulful modeling of Akbar’s aged but dignified face argues strongly in favor of the attribution of this work to the imperial court artist Govardhan. This posthumous portrait of the celebrated third Mughal emperor would have been made at the end of his career for Akbar’s grandson Shah Jahan, who reigned from 1626 to 1648. Shah Jahan glorifies his own august lineage by lionizing Akbar and having him portrayed in a formal, symbolic way that Akbar himself never would have commissioned. Christian angels in European style praise him from the heavens, while mythical birds of paradise swoop at the edge of the radiance emitted from the nimbus of the divine light of his rule. He originally grasped an orb, which was changed to a necklace. The sensitively articulated body of a young cow reclines at ease in the presence of a lion, indicating the harmony and peace of his noble rule. The artist used the dignified nim-qalam style of painted drawing with only touches of gold and hints of color. Heavy outlines were added at a later date, along with pinprick holes used for copying the composition onto another sheet of paper.

Object facts

• Title: Portrait of the Aged Akbar
• Date: c. 1640–50
• Creator attribution: Govardhan (Indian, active c.1596–1645)
• Culture: India, Mughal court, 17th century
• Type: Painting
• Technique: Gum tempera and gold on paper
• Dimensions: Image: 25.2 x 16.8 cm (9 15/16 x 6 5/8 in.); Overall: 27.5 x 18.8 cm (10 13/16 x 7 3/8 in.)
• Collection: Indian Art
• Department: Indian and Southeast Asian Art
• Accession number: 1971.78

Collection credit

Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund

Further reading listed by the museum

• The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.
• Neils, Jenifer. “The Twain Shall Meet.” The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 72, no. 6 (October 1985): 326–359. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914.
• Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.

View the collection record

See the museum's photographs and full catalogue entry. Catalogue text is reproduced from the Cleveland Museum of Art's open-access data, with HTML formatting removed. This object and its supplied image are designated CC0.