Royal Round Tent made for Muhammad Shah (wall panel with three design units) (1834–48): Art, History and Details

Royal Round Tent made for Muhammad Shah (wall panel with three design units) (1834–48) is in the Cleveland Museum of Art collection.

The work and its context

The museum's open-access catalogue describes the work:

Royal tents were potent symbols of authority, wealth, and power throughout the greater Middle East. Rulers owned thousands of tents. They were used for shelter, shade, and innumerable functions in tent compounds that were essential for imperial ceremonies, travel, and military campaigns. Distinguished by size with elaborately decorated interior walls and ceilings, tents could be as large as castles. Opulent tents were also presented as imperial gifts. Tents are only known through documents before 1600. For example, in Baghdad in 809, Caliph Harun al-Rashid owned 4,000 ceremonial tents and 150,000 camping tents that were stored in the imperial Abbasid treasury. An astonishing variety and quantity of tents were housed in the royal Fatimid tent storeroom in Cairo in 1068-69, including "military tents, fortress tents, and castle tents, manufactured of . . . gold-brocaded stuff embroidered with designs of elephants, wild beasts, horses, peacocks, birds." Since 1600, Ottoman Turkish tents with elaborate floral decoration have been preserved in Istanbul in the Topkapi Palace Museum and Military Museum, and in European collections as war booty, primarily from the Ottoman Turks' attempt to conquer Vienna in 1683. These tents are not done in the Rasht technique, but rather are applique. In contrast, royal tents from Iran are extremely rare. This spectacular ceremonial tent is embroidered with the name of its owner, Muhammad Shah, who ruled Iran from 1834 to 1848 during the Qajar dynasty. The radiant jewellike interior features exuberant flora, blossoming vines, and robust birds made with colored wool embellished with silk-thread embroidery.

Object facts

• Title: Royal Round Tent made for Muhammad Shah (wall panel with three design units)
• Date: 1834–48
• Culture: Iran, Rasht, Qajar period (1779-1925)
• Type: Textile
• Technique: Wool with silk embroidery (chain stitch), rope, cotton, leather, tape; Rasht work
• Dimensions: Overall: 167.6 x 286.4 cm (66 x 112 3/4 in.)
• Collection: T - Islamic
• Department: Textiles
• Accession number: 2014.388.4

A detail from the museum

Rasht work is named after the city on the Caspian Sea in present-day Iran, which was a major silk trade center with numerous textile workshops.

Collection credit

Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund

Further reading listed by the museum

• "The Shahs' Tents" with articles by Toby Falk "Royalty in the Field," Jennifer Wearden "Rasht Textiles," and Ian Bennet "A Qajar Masterpiece." HALI; the international journal of Oriental carpets and textiles 59 (October 1991), pp.118-123.
• Sotheby's London. European and Oriental Rugs, Carpets and Textiles. 24 April 1991 sale.
• Baker, Patricia L. Islamic Textiles. 1995.

View the collection record

See the museum's photographs and full catalogue entry. Catalogue text is reproduced from the Cleveland Museum of Art's open-access data, with HTML formatting removed. This object and its supplied image are designated CC0.