Saint John the Baptist in Prison Visited by Two Disciples (1455–60): Artwork and History

Saint John the Baptist in Prison Visited by Two Disciples (1455–60) is in the Art Institute of Chicago collection. The museum lists its creator attribution as Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, 1398–1482).

The work and its context

The Art Institute of Chicago describes the work:

This series of panels illustrates scenes from the life of Saint John the Baptist, a prophet who foretold Jesus’s arrival as the Christian savior. The Art Institute’s collection includes six panels that were originally part of a group of 12 that possibly formed the doors of a reliquary shrine to the saint. The narrative begins as John leaves civilization, entering the wilderness to become a hermit. In a following scene, John wears a hair shirt, a coarse undergarment symbolizing his ascetic life, as he announces that Jesus is the savior prophesied as the Agnus Dei, the Lamb of God. Subsequent panels show John’s imprisonment and violent execution at the hands of Herod, ruler of Galilee. Giovanni di Paolo related the Baptist’s complex biography with expressive figures represented multiple times to indicate their movement through highly imaginative and stylized settings.olo&artist_ids=Giovanni+di+Paolo">six paintings illustrating scenes from the life of Saint John the Baptist, a prophet considered a forerunner of Jesus. They were originally part of a group of 12 that possibly formed the doors of a reliquary shrine to the saint. The first painting depicts John twice, leaving civilization—marked by ornate buildings and manicured agricultural fields—and entering the wilderness to become a hermit. In the next scene, John wears a hair shirt, symbolizing his ascetic life in the wilderness, as he announces that Jesus, at his right, is the savior prophesied as the agnus dei, the Lamb of God. The following three panels depict John the Baptist’s imprisonment and execution at the hands of Herod, ruler of Galilee. According to one version of the story, Herod—seen in blue at the head of the table in the fourth panel from the left—was so taken by his stepdaughter Salome’s dancing that he reluctantly obliged when she requested John’s beheading (visualized gruesomely in the fifth panel). Giovanni di Paolo related the Baptist’s complex biography with expressive figures represented multiple times to indicate their movement through highly imaginative and stylized settings.

Object facts

• Title: Saint John the Baptist in Prison Visited by Two Disciples
• Date: 1455–60
• Artist attribution: Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, 1398–1482)
• Place of origin: Italy
• Medium: Tempera on panel
• Dimensions: 68.3 × 40 cm (26 7/8 × 15 3/4 in.); Framed: 79.6 × 51.5 × 7.7 cm (31 3/8 × 20 1/4 × 3 in.)
• Type: Painting
• Department: Painting and Sculpture of Europe
• Reference number: 1933.1012

Collection credit

Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson Collection

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The description above is credited to the Art Institute of Chicago and reused under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0; HTML formatting has been converted to plain text. Other catalogue metadata and the public-domain image are provided under CC0 1.0.